Whole Exome Sequencing of Hemiplegic Migraine Patients Shows an Increased Burden of Missense Variants in CACNA1H and CACNA1I Genes.

Source: Mol Neurobiol 2023 Feb 14; . doi: 10.1007/s12035-023-03255-5Authors: Maksemous N, Harder AVE, Ibrahim O, Vijfhuizen LS, Sutherland H, Pelzer N, de Boer I, Terwindt GM, Lea RA, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Griffiths LR

Hemiplegic migraine (HM) is a rare subtype of migraine with aura. Given that causal missense mutations in the voltage-gated calcium channel α1A subunit gene CACNA1A have been identified in a subset of HM patients, we investigated whether HM patients without a mutation have an increased burden of such variants in the “CACNA1x gene family”. Whole exome sequencing data of an Australian cohort of unrelated HM patients (n = 184), along with public data from gnomAD, as controls, was used to assess the burden of missense variants in CACNA1x genes. We performed both a variant and a subject burden test. We found a significant burden for the number of variants in CACNA1E (p = 1.3 × 10), CACNA1H (p < 2.2 × 10) and CACNA1I (p < 2.2 × 10). There was also a significant burden of subjects with missense variants in CACNA1E (p = 6.2 × 10), CACNA1H (p < 2.2 × 10) and CACNA1I (p < 2.2 × 10). Both the number of variants and number of subjects were replicated for CACNA1H (p = 3.5 × 10; p = 0.012) and CACNA1I (p = 0.019, p = 0.044), respectively, in a Dutch clinical HM cohort (n = 32), albeit that CACNA1I did not remain significant after multiple testing correction. Our data suggest that HM, in the absence of a single causal mutation, is a complex trait, in which an increased burden of missense variants in CACNA1H and CACNA1I may contribute to the risk of disease. Pubmed ID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36786913/